LISTENING

It is a complex process by which all language from the source is received critically,attended to,recognized and interpreted in terms of past experiences and future exceptions.
The type of listening includes appreciative,conversational,social listening,critical listening among others.
The process of listening includes;
1.Receiving
2.Selecting
3.Organize
4.Interpreting
.......Done by Faith Gabriella

Aspect the jurisdiction of court of Appeal in Tanzania.

Court of Appeal of Tanzania is a creature of section 117 of the Constitution of the United Republic of Tanzania, 1977. It comprises the Chief Justice and not less than two other Justices of Appeal but the full bench is not less than five Justices of Appeal. However, Court of Appeal of Tanzania ordinarily sits as a panel of three Justices of Appeal except in chamber applications before a single judge

The Court of Appeal works and discharges its judicial duties in accordance with the provisions of The Tanzania Court of Appeal Rules, 2009. These provide the procedure to be followed and are made by the Chief Justice under section 12 of the Appellate Jurisdiction Act 1979.

According to Constitution, Court of Appeal of Tanzania as the highest court of the land has territorial jurisdiction over Tanzania mainland and Zanzibar. The Court of Appeal of Tanzania was established on 15th August, 1979, after the collapse of East African community and was inaugurated by President Julius K. Nyerere on 22nd October, 1979.

Court of Appeal of Tanzania as the highest court of the land has territorial jurisdiction over Tanzania mainland and Zanzibar. There are also three jurisdiction provided under the constitution which are Appellate Jurisdiction, Revisional Jurisdiction and Jurisdiction of Review.

·         Territorial jurisdiction.

This is the court power to hear matters arising in the specified geographical area whereas the jurisdiction of the court depends on the territorial limits of the court. According to the Constitution of United Republic of Tanzania, the court of Appeal is the highest and superior court of the land whereas its territorial jurisdiction or geographical limit is over Zanzibar and in Tanzania mainland. That means the court of Appeal power in Tanzania doesn’t go beyond the geographical boundaries of Zanzibar and Tanzania mainland.

·         Jurisdiction of review.

The jurisdiction of review is the power of the court to revisit or correct its previous decision whereas a court may have a power to re examine its own decision and in that case court is said to have review jurisdiction. In the court of appeal the court may review its judgment or order, subject to specified conditions. Thus is the power of the court to determine the legality of the decision of administrative tribunals or actions of administrator(s).

·         Appellate jurisdiction.

This is the power of the court to hear the matter on appeal. It means the matter has already been heard by the lower Court. E.g. Appeal from District/R. Magistrate Court to the High Court. According to section 4 and 6 of the appellate acts, the court of appeal shall have jurisdiction to hear and determine appeals from the high court and from the subordinate courts with extended jurisdiction.

·         Revision jurisdiction.

Revision jurisdiction is the power vested in the superior court to examine the records of an inferior court in order to satisfy itself as to the correctness, legality or propriety of any decisions orders made by such lower or inferior courts. In the court of appeal has the authority to call for and examine the record of any proceeding before the High court for the purpose of satisfying itself as to legality, or propriety of any findings.

Note;

Every court jurisdiction before entertaining any case it has to satisfy itself, that it has jurisdiction as failure to observe this fundamental requirement of law will lead the judgment of such a court to be null and void where upon the accused or part in default will be set free

................By Faith Gabriella.

The history of advertising

Advertising plays a very important role in today’s age of competition. Advertising is one thing which has become a necessity for everybody in today’s day to day life, be it the producer, the traders, or the customer. Advertising is an important part. Let’s have a look on how and where is advertising important:

 

Advertising is important for the customers

Just imagine television or a newspaper or a radio channel without an advertisement! No one can any day imagine this. Advertising plays a very important role in customer’s life. Customers are the people who buy the product only after they are made aware of the products available in the market. If the product is not advertised, no customer will come to know what products are available and will not buy the product even if the product was for their benefit. One more thing is that advertising helps people find the best products for themselves, their kids, and their family. When they come to know about the range of products, they are able to compare the products and buy so that they get what they desire after spending their valuable money. Thus, advertising is important for the customers.

 Advertising is important for the seller and companies producing the products

·         Yes, advertising plays very important role for the producers and the sellers of the products, because

·         Advertising helps increasing sales

·         Advertising helps producers or the companies to know their competitors and plan accordingly to meet up the level of competition.

·         If any company wants to introduce or launch a new product in the market, advertising will make a ground for the product. Advertising helps making people aware of the new product so that the consumers come and try the product.

·         Advertising helps creating goodwill for the company and gains customer loyalty after reaching a mature age.

·         The demand for the product keeps on coming with the help of advertising and demand and supply become a never ending process.

 Advertising is important for the society. Advertising helps educating people. There are some social issues also which advertising deals with like child labor, liquor consumption, girl child killing, smoking, family planning education, etc. thus, advertising plays a very important role in society.

..............BY SYEKEYE MATHAYO M...........................

Jurisdiction of court

Jurisdiction of court means the power of the Court to determine/hear/entertain a certain matter/issue/case/dispute. Court's jurisdiction is restricted in three main ways: i.e. Geographical location of the Court, Subject Matter, and Value of the subject matter. The question of jurisdiction for any court is basic; it goes to the very root of the authority of the court to arbitrate upon cases of different nature. The question of jurisdiction is so fundamental that courts must as a matter of practice on the face of it is certain and assured of their jurisdictional position at the commencement of the trial. Courts in Tanzania are not at the same level of jurisdiction as jurisdiction of courts goes in hand with the hierarchy of court system in Tanzania mainland.

...............By Faith Gabriella.

Rural Markets and Service Delivery

Rural Marketing is defined as any marketing activity in which the one dominant participant is from a rural area. This implies that rural marketing consists of marketing of inputs (products or services) to the rural as well as marketing of outputs from the rural markets to other geographical areas.

Rural markets develops slowly in most of African countries like Tanzania due to; poor network connectivity to urban areas, poor strategies to deliver products from corporate organizations, poor marketing strategies, poor communication networks, low government support in these areas and low living standard of rural people.

There are some problems and challenges which hinder enough service delivery from corporate organizations to rural markets. Some of these are; poor transportation system, poor government support, poor marketing strategies, inability of getting loans, low number of  customers in rural areas and low or no profit at all.

Hence, corporate organizations and policy makers should develop comprehensive strategies to insure enough services in rural areas.

NETWORKING

The Advantages of Networking

Is it time to grow your circle of business contacts? Learn about what others have to

Offer? Give your office or organization credibility?

Networking in its purest form is simply talking-to people, making connections and developing

Rapport to grow your circle of influence. By developing long-term relationships for mutual

Gain and creating lasting impressions with people you will be learning a life skill which

Have many applications for you both personally and professionally. Business networking should focus the attention on growing your organization and developing two-way dialogues that have benefits to all parties involved. When you network you give and receive.

Here are a few benefits of networking:

1. Information sharing– The depth of knowledge and experience from a group of people can be staggering. Networking will provide many opportunities to ask

Questions and receive feedback. Discussing other points of view really expands your knowledge base, and allows you to see things from a broader perspective. Learning from others “best practices” saves time, energy and resources.

2. Connections– When opportunity“knocks” you want to be in a position to take advantage of it.

Many times there is a need for information-sharing, joint ventures, partnerships, and even needs for services. Having a wide network of individuals to contact may be the difference in seizing the

Moment or missing it completely.

3. Promotion– Whether promoting yourself or your organization, having a large network may assist you in moving your career forward, promoting a new product launch, or driving new members to your organization. “Word of mouth” is still one of the best forms of advertising. Spreading good information about you or your organization may provide leads for career advancement or organization growth.

4. Credibility– Improving your reputation and finding support are also benefits of networking. If you are successful at networking, you might get a reputation for being a person people will want to talk to and get to know. A good reputation leads to support. You may have valuable information, ideas, and resources those in your network may need. Establishing your

Desire to assist a colleague increases your credibility.

 ...........................MARIKI     HEAVENLIGHT.