SOLAR POWER AS NEW ALTENARTIVE SOURCE ENERGY

SOLAR POWER AS NEW  ALTENARTIVE SOURCE ENERGY

Up to 2000, Tanzania was restricted to its non renewable source of energy like fossil fuel, gas and Hydro electric power (HEP) however near all its power were from water source. Utilization of energy by using water was supported by the government at 95%.Despite of the effort of ministry energy and mineral, surely it has been not easily work to improve village until now are unelectrified.

Lack of electricity infrastructure is one of the main obstacles toward the rural development in Tanzania. Tanzania’s grid system is considerably under developed, with major selection of its populace still servings off grid. Up to 2010 there were about 180,000 villages which could not be electrified through extension of the conventional grid. Although the government’s target was 15’000 village to be electrified in national five years plan from 2005 to 2010.

After prolonged debate in various corners of the country,Solar energy was among the energy source that given the first priority, following report of professional surveyors and researchers of October 28,2006 who were employed by the Ministry of energy and mineral under the supervision of DK. engineer Alfred Massawe which stated that Tanzania is the one of the richest country and blessed with abundance of sunlight energy which reaches on its land’s surface where by only 2 percent watts average energy is utilized for human use, while 98 percent are not utilized which makes Tanzania to lack behind.

Following the rapid increase in number of consumer from its growing population, the census of 1998 the Tanzania population was estimated to be 35 million while the census of 2012 estimated that the population increased up to 44.9 million. This can be observed from rapid growth of the cities and towns like Dar-es- salaam, Mwanza ,Arusha , Dodoma and Mtwara where electricity is needed for various purpose like lightening at home, cooking, lighting on street, in industries and to run  engine for pumping water either for irrigating the garden or flower.

Due to the result of the government effort many private company were established including KIA Solar Power Company. Due to increase in population KIA SOLAR has been enjoying the market which has made it to by more land in order to expand its solar power plants, currently approximately 1km² for every 20-60 mega watts (MW).

      The rising utility prices give KIA Solar a good opportunity to set itself in the markets, by now KIA Solar is one of the  largest solar company, pioneer in the power sector in Tanzania, KIA Solar has build on this rich lineage to become one of the largest solar company in Africa.

         KIA Solar Company is focusing on business making,andcreating    awareness concerned on environmental impacts and global warming among, community,welfare, as well as long distance driver travelers.

The rapid increase of customers and growth of the company under the leadership of the engineer Kalimbwami Isack A. The new technology were adopted to solved the problem the company had been facing, from the first year of its establishment, like to reducing the size of solar panel which the customers has been complaining on it, that it is heavy and covers large space on the roof of their house which is dangerous and threat to their life thus any time the accident likely to happen.

Decrease of tax over the solar energy has contributed much on the company to reduce its price by now the price of electricity bill is most affordable price compared with other energy resource like gas, fossil fuel and Hydro electricity power (HEP) once one received the utility bills from KAI solar Power Company may get surprise.

Last but not least currently the company is offering,designing,developing, manufactures and supplies solar solutions, it offers also solar lighting products and solar thermal products, like  lighting products,solar refrigerators,solarread flasher, solar education kits, also provides the service to off share plant forms and various sectors such as telecom, Education centre, health centre, Information Technology Companies, banks, gas industries, electricity for illuminating homes, on street,andcommunity pumping water.

DREAMS COMES TRUE, IF YOU WORK ON IT

DREAMING HOW TO SUCCESS

I had a break through today in my thinking about being an entrepreneur. I have been questioning for quite some time now about what kind of person is drawn to becoming an entrepreneur? Specifically, what are the characteristics of successful entrepreneurs? There have been many books written, many seminars presented, and classes offered to help people learn how to be successful entrepreneurs. They offer skills, techniques, models, tips, and "insider" secrets. My breakthrough came when I began wondering if perhaps one of the critical characteristics of successful entrepreneurs is something that cannot be taught by traditional methods-the characteristic of dreaming.

Every once in a while I come across a different kind of entrepreneur. I meet someone who dreams bigger than their background, education and experience says then can. This person is someone I call an "entrepreneurial dreamer." They never stop dreaming regardless of their circumstances or obstacles. This is not to say they do not fail or get discouraged, but they are the kind of entrepreneur who simply creates another dream when their current dream dissolves. I also do not mean this in a negative sense, in that they are somehow irresponsible or negligent, but that they do not allow discouragement or disappointment to crush them.

Are you an entrepreneurial dreamer? Are you the kind of successful entrepreneur who seems to have an almost inborn ability to dream bigger than your experience, history or environment allows? Do you have the desire, the passion and the power to keep on going even in the face of impossible chances?

If these qualities and characteristics describe you, then I would like to ask you a couple questions:

1. Have you identified what your dreams are by writing them down?
2. Are you living out your dreams? Perhaps your dream is to be financially independent or building a multi-million dollar business. Maybe it is having a business where you can determine your schedule or how much time you work this month.
3. What is keeping you from dreaming bigger than you do now? Maybe you have had a recent setback financially or too many things are taking up your precious time. Identify those things that are holding you back and find a way to move past them.
4. How focused are you on expanding your dreams?

Whatever your dream is and regardless of how well developed it is, I believe most successful entrepreneurial dreamers go through a process.

 ........................MARIKI    HEAVENLIGHT

SOURCES OF LAWS

A source of law is the origin of the rules of law. It refers to the materials and processes out of which law is developed. Sources of law may also mean the areas where law may be found. They are divided into primary and secondary sources.

Primary source of law refer to those sources which are binding on the courts because they are the law. These are provided for under section 3 of the judicature Act.6The authority of primary sources of law is binding on the courts. Examples of primary source of law are the Constitution, Statutory Law, Case Law, and Common Law among others. Secondary source of law, on the other hand, refer to those sources which give a commentary on the primary sources of law. Their authority is not binding on the courts. In this regard, Secondary sources of law are merely persuasive. They include law textbooks, law journals, and treatises among others. The following are the sources of laws;

Constitution is the supreme law of the country whether written or unwritten. It forms a solid basis upon which all other laws are founded. Accordingly, the validity of other laws and all state actions are determined by the constitution. Article 2(1) of the Kenyan Constitution provides in this regard that this Constitution is the supreme law of the Republic and binds all person and all State organs at both levels of Government.

International law on the other hand refers to rules and regulations agreed upon among different countries/state or other international bodies such as the United Nations, International Criminal Court, ICC.Its jurisdiction by pess National, boundaries and the law is applicable on all states that are a signatory of such a law. International law is based on agreements of treaties and customary practices of states and general principles.

Written law refers to that set of law which has been documented or has reduced into a written form. Such law can be sourced or referred to form a written document. Examples of written law are the constitution of Kenya, statute law, By-laws and other delegated legislation. Written laws reign over unwritten laws so that in the event of conflict between written and unwritten law, written law prevails.

Judicial precedents are also known as judge-made law or case law. Case law refers to decisions made by superior courts. These decisions are made and recorded in law reports. Case law is binding on all lower courts when the issue before the court is the same as the issue on which the superior court made the decision. However, sometimes, although on very limited grounds, judges are allowed to depart from case law.

Customary and Religious law, it establish under section 9 and section 11 of judicaltural and application of law act chapter 3.According to the section two of the same act. Any court of law may apply the role of Islamic or customary in the matter of marriage and similar matters in the relationship to the member of community which follow that law.

Received law, by virtual of being British colon the English law become as one sort of Tanzania law. There is no local written law to address the matters, is applied there is LAKUNA.Also is applicable to Tanzania percesiction to subsection 3 of judiciary and application. In received law the judges may make reference to received law with such necessary modification to suit local circumstances.

 However, an important point to appreciate is that the society cannot exist without law. This is due to the important functions that the law plays in the society, some of which are as follows;

Rules of law facilitate administration of justice and promote cohesion in the society.

Law is an instrument used by human beings to achieve justice in the society.

Law assists in the maintenance of peace and order by promoting peaceful co-existence and prevents anarchy. This is done through punishing offenders and providing remedies to the aggrieved parties.

Law promotes good governance in the society. This is due to the fact that the society follows organized rules. The laws provides legal remedies, promotes protection of rights and duties. People are therefore able to enter into agreements because they are sure that their agreements will be honoured by other party to the agreement.

………………Prepared by Faith Gabriella.